Journalism Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journalism Portfolio - Essay Example Most news may be intended to deflect or defuse public opinion on matters of great importance and editors can influence the direction of how opinion is shaped. When a newspaper is owned by a politician, then there might be truth to the statement that â€Å"news is what someone, somewhere wants concealed† as in the case of Italy today. As mentioned earlier, this newspaper is mostly of community-type of publication and so most of its stories are local in nature. Most of the sources were the local news reporters that had gathered the news scoop within their areas. However, some of the news with a wider look such as global news content had been rehashes (re-written) of global news organizations as it has no capability of news gathering that is global in scope. Anyway, this is the trend today in most news organizations whereby they become aggregators of various news sources which it had deemed newsworthy to be included in their own publications. In the Internet age today, it is far more economical to just subscribe to some big news organizations like CNN or Time to syndicate the same news materials and ask a reporter to re-write it with a local background. Discussion In a world of instant news and competition for crucial publication space, the news of today has to be carefully selected that will interest its target audience. The readers of this type of newspaper would normally be interested on matters that concern them and only later will they go on to other news happening much further afield. For example, the most recent news of a dead whale carcass washing ashore should be of greater interest to its readers because this event can be considered as a rarity (it is not everyday a dead whale is washed onto the sands). Its news value may be in its ability to shock some readers to make them wander how could an event like this happen (Carr 1) and adding a photograph could lend a certain bit of nostalgia. The dead whale would be of concern to local residents because of the intense stink it brought. A public figure is normally defined to be someone who is usually in the limelight and this by necessity includes public figures like politicians, artists and actors or actresses. They opted for a profession that requires them public exposure or may have fame or prominence so that their lives are the focus of intense public scrutiny. A celebrity, on the other hand, is a type of person who acquired a certain persona such as rock stars, movie stars or sports stars. They are very familiar to the general public and their actions and statements are closely followed in most of the time. A public figure has less claims to privacy than an ordinary person since their lives are open to the public by virtue of their standing in the community or society. If a public figure is the subject of a bad news article, then he or she must first prove his status as a public figure in order to establish an evil motive in writing that article, such as malice or hate. Other citizens enjoy a higher degree of privacy in this regard because they are not in the public eye. The private lives of public figures can be written quite easily with mostly no objections but if the writer has written something defamatory, then a libel suit can be filed by concerned party.

Abu Sayyaf Group Essay Example for Free

Abu Sayyaf Group Essay Abdurajak Janjalani’s religious and political thoughts provided the basis for ASG’s original ideology.23 The initial premise for creating the group was for a Muslim Mujahideen that would be committed to â€Å"a struggle in the cause of Allah† or â€Å"fighting and dying for the cause of Islam.†24 To his ASG followers Janjalani was more than a leader, he provided their ideological path and enlightenment. Janjalani was well educated and knowledgeable of various areas that impacted the Muslim population in the Philippines. These included the historical, religious, economic, political, and social conditions that existed at the time25 and it was his aim to build his idea of an Islamic state in the southern Philippines to improve those conditions.26 Funding to initiate and support the movement in the beginning was supposedly supplied by Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, Osama bin Laden’s brother-in-law.27 This was the first reported link to Al Qaeda. Later, in 1992, Janjalani and his group established an official headquarters in Isabela, Basilan naming the Camp Al-Madinah Mujahideen, but the camp was captured by the Philippine Marines in 1993 forcing ASG to relocate and establish a new base in Patikul, Sulu. This fostered greater cooperation and alliance with Ghalib Andang who led the Sulu-based unit of the ASG.28 Working together the combined ASG forces began an aggressive recruiting effort to expand their manpower, acquire arms and munitions, and began the lucrative series of fund-raising activities in kidnappings and demanding high ransoms.29 Before his death in 1998, Janjalani delivered eight radical ideological messages called Khutbahs. These Khutbahs are regarded as primary sources of his radical Islamic thought and depicted the depth of his Abu Sayyaf . . .5 understanding of Wahabi Islam. One of the Khutbahs exposed an intense resentment of Christian missionaries in Mindanao, especially those regarded as criticizing Islam. His interpretation was that â€Å"aggressive preaching of Christian missionaries in Mindanao thus insulted Islam and provoked Muslims to respond violently. As a result, the bombing of the Christian missionary ship M/V Doulos in 1991 was retaliation against Christian missionaries who used derogatory words against Islam and called Allah a false God.†

Essay --

Richard Wright and William Faulkner both examine the psychologies of excluded members of society. While in Native Son, Wright studies someone oppressed and downtrodden beneath society, Faulkner looks at a family of outsiders cast far away from a common community in As I Lay Dying. For both, a central question becomes the function of their characters’ minds in relation to one another, and to reality. Through different approaches, both Wright and Faulkner conduct modernist explorations of the social outcast’s interiority. To accomplish this, each author’s narrative voice traverses the gradient from realism to experimental fragmentation, Wright constructing a vertical consciousness, articulate and omniscient regarding Bigger’s psychological world, and Faulkner accessing a horizontal one, mostly illustrating the Bundren’s surface thoughts and emotions. In Native Son, Wright’s principally naturalistic style, momentarily interrupted by rebellious points of fragmented, modernist language, reflects in form Bigger’s overwhelming repression throughout the novel and his liberating moments of agency. The naturalism contributes to a narrative voice that can articulate Bigger’s fears, impulses, and desires with much greater sophistication than Bigger himself is capable of. This allows Wright to explore Bigger’s consciousness in a vertical manner, omnisciently understanding emotional mechanisms not apparent to Bigger. It is as though we are looking narrowly down at Bigger, and through him. While the narrative voice sees that Bigger’s violent mood swings are the result of his frustrated potential in a segregated society, Bigger only knows these moods as â€Å"the rhythms of his life... ebbing and flowing from the tug of a far-away, invisible force† (... ...ngs their interior lives into such vivid relief that it suggests inadequate or meaningless external existences. For the Bundren’s, such vivid interiors, without constrictions, seem to suffer from lack of compression, while for Bigger, extreme downward pressure on his psyche makes him a volatile character. By exploring this outcast’s interiority through a vertical consciousness, Wright has proven the dangerous lack of agency a young black man has, in segregated Chicago, even over his own actions. Faulkner, by exploring the Bundren’s interior life through a horizontal consciousness, has proven their lack of agency in a different way. They have control over their actions, but their actions, overshadowed, seem to have no affects. By either being oppressed or ignored, both groups of people have damaged consciousnesses, in which they nevertheless discover some relief.

Typhoid Mary

Typhoid Mary Mary Mallon, now known as Typhoid Mary, seemed a healthy woman when a health inspector knocked on her door in 1907, yet she was the cause of several typhoid outbreaks. Since Mary was the first â€Å"healthy carrier† of typhoid fever in the United States, she did not understand how someone not sick could spread disease — so she tried to fight back. After a trial and then a short run from health officials, Typhoid Mary was recaptured and forced to live in relative seclusion upon North Brother Island off New York.You can get  typhoid fever  if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding  typhoid fever bacteria  (Salmonella typhi),  or if sewage contaminated with typhoid  fever bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where hand washing is less frequent and where water is likely to be contaminated with sewage. Once  Salmon ella typhi  bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. The body reacts with fever and other symptoms.Typhoid fever is most often caused by the  Salmonella typhi bacteria. Infection of  Salmonella typhi  leads to the development of typhoid fever. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of a sustained and systemic fever, severe headache, nausea, and loss of appetite. Other symptoms include constipation or diarrhea, enlargement of the spleen, possible development of meningitis, and/or general depression. Untreated typhoid fever cases result in mortality rates ranging from 12-30% while treated cases allow for 99% survival. S. yphi  has a combination of characteristics that make it an effective pathogen. This species contains an endotoxin typical of Gram negative organisms, as well as the Vi antigen which is thought to increase virulence. It also produces and excretes a protein known as â€Å"invasin† that allows non-phagocytic cells to take up the bacterium, where it is able to live intracellularly. It is also able to inhibit the oxidative burst of leukocytes, making innate immune response ineffective. Mary carried the disease inside her and she passed on the Typhoid to other people but remained clear of the disease herself.When she died an autopsy found evidence of live typhoid bacteria in her gallbladder. They think that the bacteria was passed on to her by mother when she was pregnant with Mary, as her mother had Typhoid fever while pregnant. The general route for the Typhoid Bacillus's entry is through the intestines and into the Enteric portion of the Immune System. It actually grows inside the White Blood Cells. Evidently the bacteria somehow entered and grew in Mary's system without making her sick.It never elicited the usual immune reactions so it was never killed by the immune system. As such it was always present in her mouth and throat so she was essentially a walking Petrie Dish. Mary Mallon, known as â€Å"Typhoid Mary†, was an asymptomatic carrier of  typhoid fever. She worked as a cook for several families in New York City at the beginning of the twentieth century. Several cases of typhoid fever in members of those families were traced to her by the Health Department. It appeared that she â€Å"carried† the infectious agent without becoming sick.There was at the time no way of eradicating the disease, and an attempt was made to restrict her from continuing to work as a cook to avoid spreading it to others. In my opinion, Mary's treatment was appropriate because Mary had acted as a human carrier of the disease. When she prepared a meal, the germs were washed and  rubbed  from her fingers into the food. Even though Mallon remained a threat to public health because she still harbored the disease and because she refused to accept that she was a carrier, some people felt Mallon was being imprisoned unfairly.Her case was argued unsuccessfully before the state supreme court, which found that the Health Department had good cause to keep Mallon in custody, although the judge expressed sympathy for Mallon's situation. Following her second capture, Mallon spent the rest of her life at Riverside Hospital, more than half her life having been spent confined on the island. After a series of small strokes, she suffered a major stroke in 1932 that left her  paralyzed  and  bedridden  until November 11, 1938, when she died. Typhoid Mary Typhoid Mary Mary Mallon, now known as Typhoid Mary, seemed a healthy woman when a health inspector knocked on her door in 1907, yet she was the cause of several typhoid outbreaks. Since Mary was the first â€Å"healthy carrier† of typhoid fever in the United States, she did not understand how someone not sick could spread disease — so she tried to fight back. After a trial and then a short run from health officials, Typhoid Mary was recaptured and forced to live in relative seclusion upon North Brother Island off New York.You can get  typhoid fever  if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding  typhoid fever bacteria  (Salmonella typhi),  or if sewage contaminated with typhoid  fever bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where hand washing is less frequent and where water is likely to be contaminated with sewage. Once  Salmon ella typhi  bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. The body reacts with fever and other symptoms.Typhoid fever is most often caused by the  Salmonella typhi bacteria. Infection of  Salmonella typhi  leads to the development of typhoid fever. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of a sustained and systemic fever, severe headache, nausea, and loss of appetite. Other symptoms include constipation or diarrhea, enlargement of the spleen, possible development of meningitis, and/or general depression. Untreated typhoid fever cases result in mortality rates ranging from 12-30% while treated cases allow for 99% survival. S. yphi  has a combination of characteristics that make it an effective pathogen. This species contains an endotoxin typical of Gram negative organisms, as well as the Vi antigen which is thought to increase virulence. It also produces and excretes a protein known as â€Å"invasin† that allows non-phagocytic cells to take up the bacterium, where it is able to live intracellularly. It is also able to inhibit the oxidative burst of leukocytes, making innate immune response ineffective. Mary carried the disease inside her and she passed on the Typhoid to other people but remained clear of the disease herself.When she died an autopsy found evidence of live typhoid bacteria in her gallbladder. They think that the bacteria was passed on to her by mother when she was pregnant with Mary, as her mother had Typhoid fever while pregnant. The general route for the Typhoid Bacillus's entry is through the intestines and into the Enteric portion of the Immune System. It actually grows inside the White Blood Cells. Evidently the bacteria somehow entered and grew in Mary's system without making her sick.It never elicited the usual immune reactions so it was never killed by the immune system. As such it was always present in her mouth and throat so she was essentially a walking Petrie Dish. Mary Mallon, known as â€Å"Typhoid Mary†, was an asymptomatic carrier of  typhoid fever. She worked as a cook for several families in New York City at the beginning of the twentieth century. Several cases of typhoid fever in members of those families were traced to her by the Health Department. It appeared that she â€Å"carried† the infectious agent without becoming sick.There was at the time no way of eradicating the disease, and an attempt was made to restrict her from continuing to work as a cook to avoid spreading it to others. In my opinion, Mary's treatment was appropriate because Mary had acted as a human carrier of the disease. When she prepared a meal, the germs were washed and  rubbed  from her fingers into the food. Even though Mallon remained a threat to public health because she still harbored the disease and because she refused to accept that she was a carrier, some people felt Mallon was being imprisoned unfairly.Her case was argued unsuccessfully before the state supreme court, which found that the Health Department had good cause to keep Mallon in custody, although the judge expressed sympathy for Mallon's situation. Following her second capture, Mallon spent the rest of her life at Riverside Hospital, more than half her life having been spent confined on the island. After a series of small strokes, she suffered a major stroke in 1932 that left her  paralyzed  and  bedridden  until November 11, 1938, when she died.

Poverty in Mexico Essay

The purpose of this report is to show that poverty in Mexico is a social problem which not only speaks as an economic problem , but from this, many other problems arise, such as migration and this affect the ethics and morals of other countries, such as ours that is so close to this problem. To understand this, we must first identify some of the most important factors that cause it, and by the hand , the consequences they themselves have . Inequality in Mexico is considered one of the big reasons for the poverty grow every day , where discrimination is directly reflected . In addition, in this country they have an exaggerated population growth , where four out of ten Mexicans are poor, according to the data reflected in the Mexican economy. Not being enough with this, we must include the consequences that this itself gives, such as violence, and with this we realize that ignorance in that country, becomes a negative result too of the deficiencies that mexican society has, ending all this in migration to other countries, such as united states. INEQUALITY IN SOCIETY In the past 25 years, real household income raised 1.7 % to 10% of the wealthiest Mexicans, but only 0.8 % for the poorest 10%. This is where we can prove that inequality in Mexico is undoubtedly a poverty country detonator, because it is much higher the percentage of poor than rich people. This is the result of a country where salaries for people in high command are very high, but for people in lower positions, as a worker, the pay is low even though they are people with fewer opportunities and more need. Faced with this, we need to be informed that Mexico is a country where discrimination is really practiced, against different population groups , either by age, cultural, ideological , and religious issues. Because of all these discriminations, old people, disabled people or just not sexually preferred gender people, live on a limited way, being unemployed , not  having the same opportunities for growth than others and being part of a society where poverty tend to get bigger. POPU LATION GROWTH IN AN UNPREPARED COUNTRY Between 2010 and 2013 the number of poor Mexicans increased in 500,000 people , from 52.8 million to 53.3 . This was because population growth in Mexico is high compared to what the government of the country can handle , causing â€Å"extreme poverty† , occurring when people have 3 or more social deprivations. With increase in population, there is more demand for services and, in the short term , need of work , and since Mexico is a country with more por people than the rich and middle class, the poor class is the one that grows the most, so increases become more and the government fails in covering them completely. The attention of the needs of a rapidly growing population becomes challenging for a country’s ability to manage its resources efficiently, and in Mexico since the resources are not enough for everyone, this just makes it even more complicated over time , for example, people living in rural areas, can not get access to potable water, electricity, food and ba sic needs to survive. RESPOND TO POVERTY Another aspect that is related to poverty , is violence , which occurs when people encounter obstacles to their personal and social development , which is why in addition to the factors that cause it , also the consequences of poverty affect the entire country. In September this year, the unemployment rate raised at 5.29 % according to INEGI, and because of this, the level of violence and crime in Mexico also increased . Although people can get a decent job , â€Å"sometimes it is not enough to cover our needs for living†, was the general answer in an interview made by the economist portal in the capital of the country, and poverty then starts to affect ethical and moral life, having the need to put by a side principles and having first the need to live well, or at least to live and this is where the country starts having more assaults, robberies , kidnappings and drug-related activities and illegal acts . In studies ,the highest rates of homicides and kidnappings occur in the poorest areas of the country. THE IGNORANCE IN PEOPLE Last but not least, there is a poverty that is not material, but it is one of the worst consequences of all , ignorance of the Mexican population. This problem is so big that it becomes at the same time the mos important proved fact that increased extreme poverty in the country. Ignorance is a result of the people in poverty that does not have enough resources to have studies and get a carrer, and because of this they have close doors to many job opportunities and growth. Government is aware that they need to invest more in education, to eradicate ignorance and by doing so, try to assure there will be less inequality and more social justice. However, in the country many times education is not the primary importance in people, and it is getting in the highest number of illiterate people , without any title study . â€Å"When someone knows rights and obligations, is able to be self efficient†, an study in poverty or ignorance declares. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, Mexican poverty is constantly growing not only because the factors that create it are really much more than we can come to perceive every day , such as discrimination, or inequality in jobs and opportunities, but also extends to a level of inequality based on race, religion and beliefs , making the moral of the country little , and this bringing violence, which is a result of the desperation of people in getting a prompt solution to their problems , an easy way to get money and an ignorant way to express their needs as human beings, and migration as the result of not getting what they need or what they expect to sruvive in their owm country, looking for ways of growth out there.† The poverty analysis should be focused on the possibilities for an individual to function, rather than the results you get from that performance † (Amartya Sen, 31). REFERENCES: C.Quesada (Agosto 2001) Amartya Sen y las mil caras de la pobreza. Recuperado de: http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/spanish/jul01s/jul01s2.html Unicef (2010) Pobreza y Desigualdad. Recuperado de: http://www.unicef.org/mexico/spanish/17046.htm INEGI (20 Feb 2013) Estadà ­sticas de Pobreza en Mà ©xico. Recuperado de: http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/Contenidos/estadisticas/2013/justicia0.pdf Yair Montes (1 Agosto,2013) El Economista, La situacià ³n actual de pobreza en Mà ©xico. Recuperado de: http://eleconomista.com.mx/columnas/agro-negocios/2013/08/01/situacion-actual  -pobreza-mexico Mario Luis Fuentes (Marzo 2013) Excelsior, Discriminacià ³n y pobreza siguen siendo grave problema. Recuperado de: http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2013/03/26/890852

SAT Subject Test Dates 2017-2018

SAT Subject Test Dates 2017-2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PrepScholar utilizes the best data to inform you about upcoming test schedules and registration deadlines. It's crucial to plan ahead and consider multiple factors when selecting test dates and Subject Tests. Check outthe SAT test dates from previous years to learn more about when College Board typically offers the SAT and how long before the test date you have to register. In this article, I’ll provide you with the SAT Subject Test dates for 2017-2018 and explain how you should select your test date and Subject Tests. Test Dates for the 2017-2018 School Year SAT Subject Tests are given on the same dates and in the same locations as the SAT, but there’s an additional test date in March for the SAT that isn’t offered for the SAT Subject Tests. Subject Test Dates These dates are posted on the College Board website, but they’re still subject to change. Note that not every test is offered on every date; for example, the language with listening tests are only offered in November. Subject Test Aug 26, 2017 Oct 7, 2017 Nov 4, 2017 Dec 2, 2017 May 5, 2018 Jun 2, 2018 Literature X X X X X X US History X X X X X X World History X X Mathematics Level 1 X X X X X X Mathematics Level 2 X X X X X X Biology E/M X X X X X X Chemistry X X X X X X Physics X X X X X X French X X X X X German X Spanish X X X X X Modern Hebrew X Italian X Latin X X French with Listening X German with Listening X Spanish with Listening X Chinese with Listening X Japanese with Listening X Korean with Listening X US History is offered on every test date. Registration Dates The registration deadlines and score release dates are projected by PrepScholar. Test Date Normal Registration Late Registration Score Release Aug 26, 2017 Jul 28, 2017 Aug 11, 2017 Sept 14, 2017 Oct 7, 2017 Sep 8, 2017 Sep 22, 2017 Oct 26, 2017 Nov 4, 2017 Oct 6, 2017 Oct 20, 2017 Nov 23, 2017 Dec 2, 2017 Nov 3, 2017 Nov 17, 2017 Dec 21, 2017 May 5, 2018 Apr 6, 2018 Apr 20, 2018 May 24, 2018 Jun 2, 2018 May 4, 2018 May 18, 2018 Jun 21, 2018 How Accurate Are the Tables Above? The test dates are the College Board's anticipated dates, and the registration and score release dates are our estimations. All the dates are likely to be correct, but because the test dates are given by the College Board, those dates may be somewhat more reliable. The test dates won’t be confirmed until within a year of the test, and if any of the dates change, they’ll probably be a week earlier or later than the anticipated date. You can use these dates to help determine when you'll take your SAT Subject Tests. If you know your available options, you can select the date that's best for you and your personal schedule. Also, you can factor in the specific tests you're taking and the time you need to prepare for them. How to Choose Your Subject Tests? Consider these factors when selecting your Subject Tests: What Do Your Colleges Require? Know the specific requirements of the colleges you’re applying to or intend to apply to. You should know how many Subject Tests each school requires, and you should know if each school requires specific Subject Tests. Some schools and programs require you to take science and math. Others prefer to see your skill level in a range of subjects. Are you applying to test optional or flexible colleges that allow you to use Subject Tests in place of the SAT or ACT? Call the admissions office if you have any questions about a school's policies. What Are Your Best Subjects in School? Generally, you'll do the best on the tests related to your best subjects in school. If you've always loved your English classes and you're excelling in your AP English Literature and Composition class, you'll probably do well on the Literature Subject Test. Are You Fluent in Another Language? Many native speakers of other languages take the Subject Test in their first language, even if they’re not taking a class in that language. Often, this is an opportunity to get a high score and show off your multilingualism. However, make sure you review the content for the Subject Test even if you're fluent. I scored higher on my Spanish Subject Test than some of my friends who are native Spanish speakers because I was more familiar with Spanish grammar rules and written Spanish while they were much better at conversational Spanish. Finally, read our articles on SAT Subject Tests for more guidance and to help you study. How to Choose Your Test Dates Refer this article on how to select SAT Subject Test dates. Keep in mind that you can take one, two, or three Subject Tests on a single test date. When You Know the Subject Best Generally, you want to take your Subject Test in a particular subject when you’re studying the highest level of that subject. If you're taking AP US History in your junior year, you may want to take the US History Subject Test in May or June of that year right after you've spent a full year studying US History and preparing for the AP exam. When Are Your College Deadlines? The December test of your senior year will be the last time you can take the Subject Tests for most colleges. If you're applying early, the October test may be the last possible date for you. Be aware of your deadlines and give yourself an opportunity to retake the tests in case you don't get your target scores. Review Your Personal Schedule Try to take your Subject Tests when it's most convenient for you. Ensure that you have enough study time and avoid taking the test when you have possible conflicts. If you're extremely busy with school and extracurricular activities in a certain month, you may want to avoid taking your Subject Tests then. What's Next? Before you decide when to take your Subject Tests, you should look at our list of colleges that require SAT Subject Tests. If you're trying to avoid the most difficult SAT Subject Tests, check out this article on the easiest ones. Finally, if you want to go to one of the most selective colleges, figure out the scores you need on your SAT Subject Tests. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Terra Amata - Neanderthal Life on the French Riviera

Terra Amata - Neanderthal Life on the French Riviera Terra Amata is an open-air (i.e., not in a cave) Lower Paleolithic period archaeological site, located within the city limits of the modern French Riviera community of Nice, on the western slopes of Mount Boron of southeastern France. Currently at an altitude of 30 meters (about 100 feet) above modern sea-level, while it was occupied Terra Amata was located on the Mediterranean coast, near a river delta in a swampy environment. Key Takeaways: Terra Amata Archaeological Site Name: Terra AmataOccupation Dates: 427,000–364,000Culture: Neanderthals: Acheulean, Middle Paleolithic (Middle Pleistocene)Location: Within the city limits of Nice, FranceInterpreted Purpose: Red deer, wild boar, and elephant bones and tools used to butcher animals obtained by huntingEnvironment at Occupation: Beach, swampy areaExcavated: Henri de Lumley, 1960s Stone Tools Excavator Henry de Lumley identified several distinct Acheulean occupations at Terra Amata, where our hominin ancestor the Neanderthals lived on the beach, during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, somewhere between 427,000 and 364,000 years ago. Stone tools found at the site include a variety of objects made out of beach pebbles, including choppers, chopping-tools, handaxes, and cleavers. There are a few tools made on sharp flakes (debitage), most of which are scraping tools of one sort or another (scrapers, denticulates, notched pieces). A few bifaces formed on pebbles were found in the collections and reported in 2015: French archaeologist Patricia Viallet believes the bifacial form was an accidental result from percussion on semi-hard materials, rather than the deliberate shaping of a bifacial tool. The Levallois core technology, a stone technology used by Neanderthals later in time, is not in evidence at Terra Amata. Animal Bones: What was for Dinner? Over 12,000 animal bones and bone fragments were collected from Terra Amata, about 20% of which have been identified to species. Examples of eight large-bodied mammals were butchered by the people living on the beach: Elephas antiquus (straight-tusked elephant), Cervus elaphus (red deer) and Sus scrofa (pig) were the most abundant, and Bos primigenius (auroch), Ursus arctos (brown bear), Hemitragus bonali (goat) and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (rhinoceros) were present in lesser amounts. These animals are characteristic to MIS 11-8, a temperate period of the Middle Pleistocene, although geologically the site has been determined to fall into MIS-11. Microscopic study of the bones and their cutmarks (known as taphonomy) shows that the residents of Terra Amata were hunting red deer and transporting the entire carcasses to the site and then butchering them there. Deer long bones from Terra Amata were broken for marrow extraction, evidence of which includes depressions from being banged (called percussion cones) and bone flakes. The bones also exhibit a significant number of cut marks and striations: clear evidence that the animals were being butchered. Aurochs and young elephants were also hunted, but only the meatier portions of those carcasses were brought back from where they were killed or found to the beach- archaeologists call this behavior schlepping, from the Yiddish word. Only claws and cranial fragments of pig bones were brought back to camp, which may mean the Neanderthals scavenged the pieces rather than hunted the pigs. Archaeology at Terra Amata Terra Amata was excavated by French archaeologist Henry de Lumley in 1966, who spent six months excavating about 1,300 square feet (120 square meters). De Lumley identified about 30.5 ft (10 m) of deposits, and in addition to the large mammal bone remains, he reported evidence of hearths and huts, indicating the Neanderthals lived for quite some time on the beach. Recent investigations of the assemblages reported by Anne-Marie Moigne and colleagues identified examples of bone retouchers in the Terra Amata assemblage (as well as other Early Pleistocene Neanderthal sites Orgnac 3, Cagny-lEpinette and Cueva del Angel). Retouchers (or batons) are a type of bone tool known to have been used by later Neanderthals (during the Middle Paleolithic period MIS 7–3) to put the finishing touches on a stone tool. Retouchers are tools are not typically as frequently found in European sites in the Lower Paleolithic, but Moigne and colleagues argue that these represent the early stages of the later developed technology of soft-hammer percussion. Sources .de Lumley, Henry. A Paleolithic Camp at Nice. Scientific American 220 (1969): 33–41. Print.Moigne, Anne-Marie, et al. Bone Retouchers from Lower Palaeolithic Sites: Terra Amata, Orgnac 3, Cagny-Lepinette and Cueva del Angel. Quaternary International  (2015). Print.Mourer-Chauvirà ©, Cà ©cile, and Josette Renault-Miskovsky. Le Palà ©oenvironnement des Chasseursde Terra Amata (Nice, Alpes-Maritimes) Au Plà ©istocà ¨ne Moyen. La Flore et aa Faune de Grands Mammifà ¨res. Geobios 13.3 (1980): 279–87. Print.Trevor-Deutsch, B., and V. M. Bryant Jr. Analysis of Suspected Human Coprolites from Terra Amata, Nice, France. Journal of Archaeological Science 5.4 (1978): 387–90. Print.Valensi, Patricia. The Elephants of Terra Amata Open Air Site (Lower Paleolithic, France). The World of Elephants- International Conference. Ed. Cavarretta, G., et al.s.: C.N.R., 2001. Print.Viallet, Cyril. Bifaces Used for Percussion? Experimental Approach to Percussion Marks and Functio nal Analysis of the Bifaces from Terra Amata (Nice, France). Quaternary International  (2015). Print.

How to Get a Job as an Online High School Teacher

How to Get a Job as an Online High School Teacher Teaching online high school courses can be a full-time profession or a rewarding way to supplement your income. New online high schools start up every year, and qualified online teachers are in high demand. Typically, virtual instructors are expected to monitor students in several courses, grade assignments, interact through message boards or emails, and be available when students have questions. The curriculum for online high school classes is often pre-determined by the school and online teachers are generally expected to follow a particular syllabus for each course. How to Qualify for Positions Teaching High School Online Online charter schools are publicly funded and must follow some state and federal guidelines. Generally, online teachers hired by charter schools must have a valid teaching credential for the state the school is based in. Private and college-sponsored schools have more flexibility in hiring, but they also tend to favor online teachers with credentials or an impressive work history. The best online high school teachers usually have classroom teaching experience, technological competency, and excellent written communication skills. Where to Find Online High School Teaching Jobs If you want to become an online high school teacher, start by looking for jobs locally. Contact the online charter schools in your district to see if they are hiring, send in your resume, and be prepared for an in-person interview.Next, take a look at online high schools that enroll students in multiple states. Large online charter and private schools generally accept applications through the internet. Programs such as K12 and Connections Academy have streamlined application processes. Finally, try applying individually to smaller online private schools throughout the nation. Some of these programs offer online job information; others require potential employees to research the appropriate contact info and make a few phone calls. How to Stand Out as a Potential Online High School Teacher Your application probably won’t be the only one sitting on the principal’s desk. Stand out from the crowd by emphasizing your teaching experience and your ability to work in an online environment.During the application process, keep deadlines and respond to phone calls and emails promptly. Keep emails professional but not overly formal or stuffy. Resolve any technical problems (such as email attachment issues or difficulty accessing online application materials) quickly. Since ​online teaching jobs are all about virtual communication, consider every interaction with the school an opportunity to prove yourself.

Why Do Muslims Consider Prophet Muhammad a Religious and Political Essay

Why Do Muslims Consider Prophet Muhammad a Religious and Political Role Model - Essay Example His doctrines have influenced both religious and political lives of the Muslim community through teachings of Allah as stated in the Quran. As a religious leader, Prophet Muhammad taught his followers the doctrines of his master Allah. He imparted the knowledge of what his master like and the way he expects his followers to behave (Petras & Eastman-Abaya, the Caricature of Middle East). Therefore, he taught people to forgive each other and live as united family of one father. Prophet Muhammad told his followers to revere no other master beside Allah. Therefore, his teachings about Allah have transformed his followers to trust in their god and put his teachings into practice (Legacy of a Prophet). This is one of the reasons why Muslims respect their fellow Muslims and have greater concern for their needy in the society. It is through the teachings of Prophet Muhammad that the Muslim faith was established to form a different community based on faith and principles of Allah. Muhammad introduced Quran for guiding his followers on various issues. Muslims believe that Quran was confessions of Prophet Muhammad who was reflecting the principles of Allah (Legacy of a Prophet). Since then, Quran has remained vital in learning of Islamic and teaching the Muslim followers on the will of Allah. This holy book is also essential in guiding Muslims who wish to pursue political leadership in the state. For example, Muhammad was a humble servant who never sought to enrich himself by grabbing public property (Petras & Eastman-Abaya, the Caricature of Middle East). He condemned oppression of the poor and emphasized on helping the needy in the society. The life of Muhammad has significantly influenced the lives of his followers in a number of ways (Legacy of a Prophet). Quran gives guidance on how people should relate with each other. It also directs Muslims on how remain trustworthy in marriages and businesses as stated

Business Continuity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Continuity - Assignment Example It emphasizes assessing varied risks that a business faces while performing different operational functions. Finally, ‘maintaining business continuity’ is all about responding effectually towards any adverse situation, faced by a business during the conduct of various functions. This focuses on following methodical business procedures for reaping benefits (Armstrong, 2012). The above stated conceptions can be better understood with the example of improving system along with process resilience in relation to a ‘disaster recovering planning’ project. In this similar context, it can be affirmed that ‘running business continuity’ will focus on identifying the biggest risks and the mitigation costs as well. In respect to the concept of ‘developing business continuity’, the factors like developing effective continuity plans and using the valuable resources play a vital role. The notion of ‘testing business continuity’ in relation to the above example can be better explained as identifying the threats in accordance with varied risk levels and reviewing the results of such threats. Finally, ‘maintaining business continuity’ for the aforesaid example will emphasize empowering the project team and most importantly, updating project response procedures (Armstrong,

Critical Perspectives on Management and Organisations Essay - 1

Critical Perspectives on Management and Organisations - Essay Example Sexuality refers to the ability of an individual to become sexually stimulated and sexual arousal mostly exists between a man and a woman (Yardley-Nohr, 2007, p15). This has prompted the question of why females are selectively required to control the emotions of men in massage therapy. Desexualisation refers to the deprivation of an individual of his or her sexual features through surgical procedure that gets rid of testicles or ovaries. In the Sullivan work, desexualisation meant a way of suppressing sexuality as a method of management control. Organizations make every attempt to suppress the sexual feeling that may emerge at the workplace. Scholars have not come to the agreement on the way to control sexuality at workplace (Braun 2013, p23). Some scholars advocate for the regulation of sexuality while others are against it and advocate for desexualisation. In this essay, the arguments of Sullivan presented in the paper, ‘With (out) pleasure: Desexualisation, gender and sexuality at work’ are succinctly discussed. Heteronormativity refers to a sexual bias that views heterosexuality as the most preferred sexual orientation. Sullivan believed that the desexualisation in massage therapy construed women as victims and men as the aggressors and discusses how the main aim of organizational desexualisation gears to control the problems created by sexuality at work. It is unreasonable to control sexuality where actual acts and feelings of sexual desire exist. Several institutions have advocated for desexualisation of massage. In fact, therapists have attempted to dissociate themselves from the sexual work. Moreover, individuals attempted to uphold the reputation of the organization. Ladies have to keep the men in pain so that they do not think of the issues concerning sex. The discriminations rest the role of desexualisation on individuals. When the client of therapy is a man, he maintains masculinity while the women struggle to control

Historical Developement of Separation of Powers Essay

Historical Developement of Separation of Powers - Essay Example In 17th century England, it emerged for the first time as a coherent theory of government, explicitly set out, and urged as the 'grand secret of liberty and good government'" (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2). In the upheaval of the Civil War, the doctrine emerged as a response to the need for a new constitutional theory when a system of government based upon "a mixture of King, Lords, and Commons" seemed no longer relevant. "Growing out of the more ancient theory, the doctrine became both a rival to it and a means of broadening and developing it into the 18th century theory of the balanced constitution" (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2). The revolutionary potentialities of the doctrine were fully realized in America and France, but when its viability as a theory of government was tested "its weaknesses were revealed; this one revolutionary idea could also become a bulwark of conservatism." (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2) The attack on the doctrine came in two waves: First, the middle class "which had most fervently supported it", now saw within its reach control of political power through extension of the franchise, and the need for a theory that was essentially a challenge to the power of aristocracy diminished; however, until the Second Reform Act in England, the doctrine was sought only to be re-examined (Vile; M.J.C.; 1967; chapter 2). ... Changing ideas about the role of government and its structure were "accompanied by a changing emphasis in ideas about the nature of sovereignty". (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2). In earlier centuries, the need for a single omnipotent source of power had been stressed by "theorists of absolutism", and rejected by liberal constitutionalists, who swore by division of power and the limitations on power imposed by the constitution or by a higher law. "Rousseau's association of unlimited sovereignty with the people led to reorientation of ideas" (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2) .If franchise could be restricted to those with a stake in the community, the idea of an unlimited, indivisible sovereign power became for the liberal individualist not a threat but a safeguard; "it became in the hands of Bentham and Austin an instrument for reform of government which would increase the freedom of the individual". However, "the desire for a unified system of government, whether to achieve reform or f or positive State action, led to a rediscovery of the role of discretion and prerogative in government." (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2) Realization that the functional concepts of the doctrine of separation of powers were inadequate to explain the operations of government was heightened by emerging awareness of the nature of bureaucracy; "the impact of Prussian bureaucracy in the 19th century, establishment of a non-political civil service in England, dissatisfaction with the spoils system in the United States, development of the Weberian theory bureaucracy, (all) led to a reassessment of the 'executive' function". (Vile, M.J.C.; 1967; Chapter 2). Thus the demand for establishment of "harmony" between the legislature and the executive

(option 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(option 2) - Essay Example All the wars and tragedies that occurred in this century were as a result of one thing, indifference. Indifference refers to a state where a person cannot distinguish between cruelty and companion, dusk and dawn, crime and punishment, good and evil, light and darkness. Indifference is an ethical act that is mostly practiced by people who want to live normally, have fine meals, and keep their sanity, while the world around them perish in suffering. Indifference as a vice has made many people to overlook other people’s despairs and pains. In this situation, most people are only interested in striving for their own safety and success, and this makes them to avoid rude interruptions to their dreams, hopes and work. This means that, people who are indifference consider their neighbors’ despairs and pains as of no consequence to their lives. Their indifferences reduce their neighbors to abstractions. For instance, most people who have never been into the prisons are totally unaware of what happens behind the black gates. The prisoners usually perish in suffering, surviving on unhealthy food and wrapped in torn clothes. Most of them have lost their sense of self worthiness, and they are even unaware of where they are: strangers to their environment. Indifference is also an associate of enmity. This is because it usually only benefits the aggressors, but not the victims whose sufferings and pains intensifies as they fee l forgotten and abandoned. The aggressors always do not respond to the plights of hungry children, homeless refugees, and political prisoners in their cells. This makes the victims to lose hope in fighting for a brighter future by regaining their human memory. As we are moving into a new millennium, it is important for people who are still indifference to learn from the Nineteenth Century’s events that, this act is not only a sin, but it is also a punishment. With indifference, it

Linguistics - structure and meaning in literary discourse Essay - 1

Linguistics - structure and meaning in literary discourse - Essay Example Throughout the novel, the novelist has been careful in adroitly interlinking the different subplots. The novel mainly deals with two parallel plots: the love relation between Charles Darnay and Lucy Manette and the historical events connected with French Revolution. However, there are several other underlying subplots distributed throughout the three Books of the novel. They include the story of the great sacrifice by the good-for-nothing lawyer Sydney Carton, the comparison between the two cities of London and Paris, the atrocities of the aristocrats etc along with the stories within story such as the imprisonment of Dr. Manette, the story of Madame Defarge. The overall setting of the novel is based on these interconnected subplots which contribute to the each other as well as to the meaning of the novel in general. The novelist has been effective in presenting the major themes of the novel through the literary device of setting. It means that the setting of the novel which incorpor ates the interrelated subplots functions as a literary device to the novelist in his ultimate conveyance of the major themes. Therefore, the subplots in A Tale of Two Cities work in relation to each other to reveal the major themes of the novel. In other words, different subplots and the structure of the novel has significant role in the transference of the themes and meaning. As George Newlin establishes, â€Å"The success  of  A  Tale  of  Two  Cities †¦ can be attributed to Dickens’s artful setting  of  a  touching human story against the background  of  the world-shaking events  of  the French Revolution, and to its powerful, universal themes.† (Newlin, 1) There is pertinent relation between the setting and the meaning in A Tale of Two Cities and the novelist proficiently selects the subplots which contribute eventually to his literary goal. Therefore, subplots in the novel cannot be comprehended in isolation. Rather, they are deeply contrived so as to

(option 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(option 2) - Essay Example All the wars and tragedies that occurred in this century were as a result of one thing, indifference. Indifference refers to a state where a person cannot distinguish between cruelty and companion, dusk and dawn, crime and punishment, good and evil, light and darkness. Indifference is an ethical act that is mostly practiced by people who want to live normally, have fine meals, and keep their sanity, while the world around them perish in suffering. Indifference as a vice has made many people to overlook other people’s despairs and pains. In this situation, most people are only interested in striving for their own safety and success, and this makes them to avoid rude interruptions to their dreams, hopes and work. This means that, people who are indifference consider their neighbors’ despairs and pains as of no consequence to their lives. Their indifferences reduce their neighbors to abstractions. For instance, most people who have never been into the prisons are totally unaware of what happens behind the black gates. The prisoners usually perish in suffering, surviving on unhealthy food and wrapped in torn clothes. Most of them have lost their sense of self worthiness, and they are even unaware of where they are: strangers to their environment. Indifference is also an associate of enmity. This is because it usually only benefits the aggressors, but not the victims whose sufferings and pains intensifies as they fee l forgotten and abandoned. The aggressors always do not respond to the plights of hungry children, homeless refugees, and political prisoners in their cells. This makes the victims to lose hope in fighting for a brighter future by regaining their human memory. As we are moving into a new millennium, it is important for people who are still indifference to learn from the Nineteenth Century’s events that, this act is not only a sin, but it is also a punishment. With indifference, it

Describe arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe arts - Essay Example Components of the model include but are not limited to bullet lead, paper pulp and bone dust. The bone dust symbolizes human bones that were crashed in the battle. Paper pulp represents the soldiers’ letters for their spouses that could not reach their homes. Experiences of all groups like the personnel of medical corps, widows of the soldiers who fought in the battle, and veterans have been narrated in the model developed by Robleto. The model sufficiently conveys their painful experiences. Such models make an excellent source of information for the young generation. Image 2: â€Å"Piece Work.† (â€Å"MCA DENVER†). Piece Work shown in the figure above has been made by the artist Allison Smith who is an artist from Oakland. In this exhibition, Smith will display through sculptures and papers, works that come from various traditions and different forms of decorative art in America. In the very exhibition, there will be displayed a braided rug that was started by t he artist and has been finished by various visitors on the gallery site. A large number of the pieces of artwork reflect different aspects of the culture that emerged in the time of the war. Such features include but are not limited to the rug and the cloth marks meant to prevent gas from getting inhaled.

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example for Free

Young Goodman Brown Essay In the story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, written by author Nathaniel Hawthorne, we are offered opposites in personalities which demonstrates interesting extremes that keeps emotions flowing up and down from affection to fear in this book. Faith is a loving and kind character as Goodman Brown seems fortunate in finding a companion who desperately wants to be with. She displays acts of genuine affection for her new husband and it’s terribly obvious that she doesn’t want him to ever leave her. This character shows one opposite of the extreme measure by being king, genuine, loyal and loving with Goodman Brown. The old man in this story offers the complete opposite personality as he represents fear and what’s bad in the world. This character also shows complete opposite of what Goodman Brown’s wife is by being old where Faith is young and beautiful. Faith offers safety and security in Goodman’s home where the old man in the forest only allows for deceit and fear. Hawthorne demonstrates gloominess and evil when Goodman Brown leaves the safety of his home and wife. Faith didn’t want her husband to leave her. Possibly, she could sense the danger that awaited her husband with the close bond that they shared in their marriage. In this book, it is easily felt that one should remain on the side of the one that really cares about their safety and happiness and not be deceived by outside forces that threaten what is good in one’s life. Extreme opposites is what I took from the characters and a feeling that an individual should pay attention to those who remain sincere and caring in our lives and avoid outside influences of those who make us feel fear and uncertainty.

British Foreign Relationships :: History

British Foreign Relationships Beginnings The first time that the British came into contact from outside people since the disappearance of the land bridge connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe occured in the year 43 A.D. This was the year that Ceasar send a Roman expeditionary force under the command of Aulus Platius to the British Isles. Although the indigenous Celtic tribesmen put up heavy initial resistance, superior armed and trained Roman Legionnairies were able to subdue them and successfully occupy Great Britian all the way up to the border of modern day Scotland. Over the course of the next 367 years, Great Britian experiences an era of relative peace under Roman rule. Celtic and Roman culture coalesced into a unique society, and Christianity was introduced to Britain. The year 410 A.D. brought about great change though, when Rome withdrew all of its occupation forces from Britain in order to fight the Goths in western Germany. This abandonment left the British people very vulnerable, and almost immediately afterwards various Scandanavian and Germanic tribes began raiding the seemingly defenseless British Isles. Three of these groups, the Anglos, the Saxons, and the Jutes, began establishing permanent settlements along England's southern coast (the word England actually descends from the country's ancient name Angliland, or Anglo Land.) After years of widespread ethnic conflict, the Anglo-Saxons had driven the indigenous Britons back to modern day Scotland and Wales, and came to dominate most of the main island. Towards the end of the first century another group begins to plunder the British Isles, they called themselves the Vikings but were known as the Danes to the Anglo-Saxons. Violent conflict erupted as the Vikings pillaged, looted, and terrorized coastal Britain. At one point, the Vikings under the leadership of King Harrod came close to actually taking over the entire island but were defeated at the battle of Dover. The British people, now united under a single government, continued to repel Viking invasion attempts until 1066, when William of Normandy defeated an exhausted and ill equiped British army at the battle of Hastings. William went to London and made himself the new king of Britain. Massive change resulted from Norman rule, establishing a new ruling class. During this period, King William, and King Henry II expanded their empire into France and Britian became a powerful nation in Europe. After the death of king Henry though, social unrest arose, which eventually manifested itself into civil war, causing British holdings in mainland Europe to erode away in a period of time known as "The war of the Roses".

A Christmas Carol - short review :: Free Essay Writer

A Christmas Carol - short review A Christmas Carol was published on 17th December 1843 in Victorian England. Victorian England was not a very nice place to live and Charles Dickens didn’t have the best childhood; his father was a clerk who was taken away from him and imprisoned when he was 12. Some people say this was how he became such a good writer – from all the problems he had as a child. England was a horrible place during these times – for example, there was child labour, where people got children to clean their chimneys as they were small enough, but it turned out the soot from the chimneys was carcinogenic, meaning it activated cancerous cells. There was also the Poor Law Act, which meant if you had lost an arm and were unable to work you had no way of gaining money. People also believed that you had to have money to be gentleman. There was the class system that meant if you were born into a working class family you would often die in a working class family – there were few chances to become rich and famous. Dickens often looked at life as a child; for example in Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations. This could be one of the reasons that Dickens chose A Christmas Carol to be at Christmas, as he thought it would appeal to the child in everyone. Many people believed that Dickens wasn’t just someone who wanted to make money, even though he was a workaholic. What he really wanted to do was to provoke authority to take responsibility for the problems that people were having in the country and Christmas was the best time of the year to do this. Dickens’ use of imagery in the novel gives a great sense of surroundings and what Scrooge and all the ghosts look like. For example, here is a line from A Christmas Carol, that is just about the weather, â€Å"It was cold, bleak biting weather; foggy withal; and he could hear the people in the court outside, go wheezing up and down, beating their hand upon their breasts, and stamping their feet upon the pavement stones to warm them.† Smiles and metaphors help us to portray and compare images in our heads and Dickens does this very well throughout the book. In A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is the novel’s protagonist. We know this as everything in the book has some sort of connection with him. In the novel Scrooge is represented as a misanthropist, i.e. a person who hates his fellow men. This kind of novel where a person changes

‘Everything Grew Larger Than Life in the Steamy Hothouse of Darwin and the People Were No Exception.’ How Important Is Place in This Novel?

Peter Goldsworthy’s Maestro demonstrates the importance of setting in understanding characters such as the protagonists Paul Crabbe and Eduard Keller. Written in a retrospective narrative from Paul Crabbe’s point of view and how the settings of ‘steamy’ Darwin, ‘suburban’ Adelaide and ‘hypocritical’ Vienna affected him. Upon moving from Adelaide to Darwin, Paul immediately falls in love with the ‘city of booze, blow and blasphemy’. Darwin is the backdrop to the sensual addiction Paul develops and feeds his heightened sense as a ‘steamy and lush hothouse’. Totally different from Adelaide, Paul thrives in the new setting, as his character develops. Paul meets Keller, the ‘Maestro’ in Darwin and is fascinated by the first impression Keller leaves upon him. The formal white suit Keller wears contrasts with the Swan, the dark and casual hotel he inhabits, symbolising Keller’s alienation in Darwin. Described by Paul as a ‘type of monastery†¦ a place for atonement’, Darwin and the Swan provide an insight into the Maestro’s character. To Keller, Darwin symbolises the social and cultural isolation he craves as atonement for the crimes he believed he had committed. Keller’s history affects him so deeply he was changed by it, and to Paul he is merely a ‘Nazi. ’ Upon reflecting, Paul found it strange to realise how much he ‘came to love the man, depend on him’ from his first impressions. As a teacher Keller taught Paul incomplete lessons of music and life that Paul comes to regret not appreciating. On Paul’s final night in Darwin he goes to the Swan with the intention of saying goodbye to Keller and then meeting with his girlfriend Rosie. Keller’s acceptance of Paul as an important part of his life is symbolised through the new chair and table he has purchased for Paul, finally ready to share his mysterious history. However, Paul doesn’t realise the confessional for what it was and with ‘the aroused sexual present’ overwhelming the past he leaves behind his broken teacher. Keller’s past and transition in nature from a ‘romantic virtuosos’ to strict teacher is shown through music and his descriptions of Vienna. After the Nazis rose to power, Keller describes the ballroom of Vienna being turned nto ‘the experimental laboratory for the end of the world’ demonstrating that Keller’s own world ended along with his love of Vienna. Keller’s love for his wife Mathilde gave him rubato, and ‘that extra littleness’ that Paul could never achieve. However, it buoyed his arrogance and belief of his own invulnerability which prevented him from real ising the danger his Jewish family were in, in Vienna. To Paul, Vienna represents a European city of culture and music but to Keller it is a reminder of his lost family and regretted choices. Vienna is also the cause of Keller’s mistrust and suspicion of beauty, as he says ‘never trust the beautiful’ is something Paul, as a young and naive man, can’t understand. Keller describes Vienna as a veneer, ‘hiding the hypocrisy within’ in an attempt to teach Paul the lessons he had to learn through awful experiences. Paul and Keller’s natures are contrasted by Goldsworthy in Maestro and their similarity is what causes Keller to endeavour to teach Paul. The confessional that Paul snubbed, a privilege that he failed to realise through selfishness and sensual addiction, was Keller’s explanation and he told Paul this as he called out ‘I tell you this, not for me, but for you. ’ Paul’s rejection of the deep connection he shared with Keller is something he would come to regret as he strove to defy the limits of perfection Keller had shown him. When Paul leaves the setting of Darwin to attend school, he takes an arrogance that let him believe Keller ‘had taught all that was in his power to teach. In comparison to ‘lush’ Darwin, Melbourne and Adelaide are mundane and suburban and perhaps symbolise the direction Paul’s future will take, as he rejected Keller and the incomplete lessons he strove to teach. Paul realises he can’t bridge the tragic gulf between talent and genius in his travels of Europe as he ignored Keller’s advice of ‘a little hurt now, to save a wasted life’. Vienna is a city of culture and music to Paul and the setting is important in understanding how he differs from his mentor, the Maestro. The settings of Goldsworthy’s Maestro are important in understanding the history and context of each character and their actions. The settings are significant in the novel as they contrast the characters to their surroundings and develop meaning such as Keller’s chosen isolation in Darwin. Each place in the novel symbolises differences and similarities and Goldsworthy positions the reader to observe the way the character understands and interacts with their surroundings, be it Darwin, Adelaide, the Swan or Vienna.

Edgar Allan Poe’s “A Dream within a Dream”

Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"A Dream within a Dream† (1849) is a poem dramatizing the losses of a man, and his reflection if his life is real or unreal. The narrator is reflecting about the elusiveness of things and people he value, since they all seem to disappear. The poem questions if reality is fantasy, thus the title, â€Å"A Dream within a Dream†. Since this was published in the year of Poe’s death, some assume that the narrator is talking about the death of his loved ones, and the troubles in his life.The poem begins with an image of parting and addresses a specific person. This person is only mentioned in the first stanza; the second stanza does not mention any person at all. Others interpret this person as abstract, meaning that the narrator talks to life or love personified, or any abstract idea, and not a real person. The narrator, talking to this person, ponders whether his â€Å"days have been a dream† (5), and speaks of losing hope. He sees his life as if he is trapped, as shown in the lines, â€Å"All that we see or seem/Is but a dream within a dream† (10-11).But first, to define the word â€Å"dream† is relevant in understanding this poem. A dream can either be images, ideas or sensations while sleeping, an aspiration or ambition, or an illusion or trance. Upon reading the poem, there is no question that the definition of the word â€Å"dream† in the poem is the last one given above, an illusion, but not necessarily a beautiful or happy illusion. There is no mention of sleeping or daydreaming, so then it is safe to assume that â€Å"dream† meant an illusion.One of Edgar Allan Poe’s well-known poems, the poem uses rhyme and meter, but it has inconsistent rhythm. Repetition is also used to emphasize the feeling of sadness and frustration, as in the fifth, eleventh, and twenty-fourth lines. These poetic elements and romantic characteristics such as the dramatization found in the lines , â€Å"O God! Can I not grasp/Them with a tighter clasp?† (19-20) and the use of simple but powerful images, make this poem compelling when read aloud.The images, especially in the second stanza, are striking and memorable. The lines, â€Å"And I hold within my hand/Grains of the golden sand/How few! Yet how they creep/Through my fingers to the deep,/While I weep— while I weep!† (14-18) might be alluding to either time or material wealth. The â€Å"grains of the golden sand† (15) is said to have been referencing to the gold found in California in 1848 (Silverman 402).This image of grains slowly trickling down evokes a feeling of frustration over the elusiveness of things that the narrator values, and that might or might not include money and personal possessions. Time could also be an allusion due to the fact that Poe had lost his loved ones in the past. The narrator might be saying indirectly that he is already feeling his death nearing.The last six lin es of the poem express the desperation to â€Å"grasp† and â€Å"save† (19, 22) the things he value. There is also a feeling of helplessness as the narrator watches the grains creeping through his fingers, and he cries, as shown in the line, â€Å"While I weep— while I weep!† (18)However, in the end he seems to question, not to state that he is in â€Å"a dream within a dream† (24). Unlike the ending line of the first stanza in which the line is written as a statement as though the narrator really believes that his life is all a dream, the last line of the poem is written as though the narrator is in doubt, or perhaps there is a little bit of hope in him.Some say that Poe wrote this poem after the death of his wife from tuberculosis, and that the person that the narrator is talking to in the poem is a woman. But that might not be, because this was published long after his wife’s death, unless he did write the poem from way back. Whether or n ot Poe wrote this because of his troubles or his depression is not certain.What is certain is that the poem tells of a person’s thoughts about what is real and unreal. Losing all the things he values makes him think, out of sadness, and perhaps, denial, that his life is just â€Å"a dream within a dream†.Works CitedPoe, Edgar Allan. Poetry and Tales. Ed. Patrick F. Quinn. New York: Library of America, 1984.Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001.   

Problems of Library Automation in Africa Essay

In 1981, IBM introduced its personal computer (PC) for use in the home, office and schools. Prior to that time, there had been several MS-DOS compatible personal computers that ran DOS programs. As computers became more widespread in the workplace (ie. an independent agent’s office), new  ways to unleash their potential developed. As smaller computers became more powerful, they could be linked together, or networked, to share memory space, software and information, and communicate with each other. So where does the insurance industry enter the â€Å"automation† picture? A word from our sponsor: What’s so difficult about combining personal and commercial umbrella coverage? Not much. Get a quote online now! Independent agents have come a long way in using technology over the past 20 years. From the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, independent agents for the most part used PC-based automation systems to boost efficiency and cut costs. Since 1970, ACORD, a not-for-profit standards-setting association for the insurance industry, has been involved in automation. The association is comprised of carriers, agents, vendors, solution providers, associations and other interested parties. â€Å"We aren’t the ones who ‘built’ the automation system,† said Carolyn â€Å"Cal† Durland, managing director of Standards for ACORD. â€Å"What we did and still do is provide standards-Forms and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) upon which the vendors or solution providers base their automation systems.† She explained that to find out how the industry became automated, one must look to the vendors and solution providers. In 1972, the first ACORD form, a property loss notice, went into use. Today, ACORD’s standards include Forms, AL3 (Automation Level 3), XML, OLife and ObjX. The Forms are point of sale, data collection vehicles, AL3 is ACORD’s EDI standard (or machine-to-machine, business-to-business, data transmission formats or components), OLife is a data integration standard and ObjX is â€Å"much more than EDI.† In the 1980s-when the number of PCs in use increased dramatically-ACORD members asked for standardized electronic transmissions between the agents’  computers and the carriers’ computers. â€Å"The industry has come to ACORD to consolidate efforts to eliminate duplication of work,† Durland said. â€Å"For example, without one approved, countrywide ACORD application, all of the 2,400-plus insurance carriers would have to have their own form. And the vendors or solution providers who automate those forms would have to customize each form.† Now that ACORD and the industry are working hand-in-hand, there is one form accepted and used by many of those carriers. In addition, the vendors or solution providers have the option to become licensed by ACORD to redistribute the Forms. â€Å"ACORD provides them with tools†¦to print the ACORD Forms,† Durland said. â€Å"ACORD’s Forms efforts have stripped the costs out of this distribution channel.† According to Durland, in the same manner that the industry came together with ACORD to do Forms, they have also worked to develop EDI Standards. â€Å"Through our subcommittee process and strict compliance to anti-trust guidelines, we bring together carriers, agents, vendors, solution providers and other interested parties to discuss what is needed to transmit the data collected,† she said. Change is good The industry on the whole, according to Durland, is slow to make changes, â€Å"although there are some carriers that have the resources to be on the leading edge of technology.† The beginning was a bit archaic. â€Å"Carriers realized the benefits of automation and developed proprietary systems that they placed in the agents’ offices,† Durland said. â€Å"This resulted in the agents having to physically go from one terminal to another to interface with the carriers automating their process.† With the inception of the agency management vendors and ACORD’s standards implemented in those systems, the agents were conceptually able to eliminate  those proprietary terminals and work through one system. â€Å"This concept called SEMCI, Single Entry Multiple Company Interface, allowed the agents to keep the data in one place and transmit it electronically to any of the carriers it was licensed to represent,† Durland explained. One step forward, two steps back Ten years ago, when Durland joined ACORD, there were many agency management systems attempting to enable SEMCI. â€Å"Today, due to acquisitions and mergers, there are three primary vendors and a few smaller ones,† she said. â€Å"SEMCI is still the goal for the agents and the carriers. However, with the inception of Web enabled processes, the carriers-in an effort to streamline their costs-reverted back to proprietary applications. â€Å"Those leading edge carriers put up Web sites that required the agent to go to the site and enter the information. So instead of going to a separate terminal in their office, they now had to connect to a Web site and rekey the data that was already in their databases.† This resulted in the acceptance of the new standard XML. â€Å"XML is a standard that enables connectivity between Web applications and agency management systems, in addition to business-to-business, business-to-customer, etc.,† Durland said. The goal to secure SEMCI, according to Durland, can still happen with the implementation of XML. â€Å"Plus it broadens the trading partner base to be more than the agent to insurance carrier,† she said. A push for implementation In the 1990s, implementation guides were written and a certification process was developed. Today, there are more than 12,000 upload and 40,000 download implementations using AL3 standards. AL3 continues to evolve and there are new implementations every day, including using AL3 standards over the Internet. Ever since the dawn of the industry’s automation, forms standardization  continued and still continues to be an important focus for ACORD as the standards-setting association works with many different trading partners within the industry. Today there are roughly 400 ACORD forms. And although it’s important to note how many forms there are, what is even more important to note is the fact that these ACORD forms have eliminated or prevented 80,000 proprietary forms-saving the industry millions of dollars. Communicating on a global basis According to Durland, ACORD has staff dedicated to building relationships with other standards-setting organizations. The fact is, the industry handles business on a global basis, so it just makes sense that the goal is to be able to communicate on a global basis. As an example, Durland pointed out that carriers write coverage for properties owned by people all over the world. In turn, these carriers work with other carriers or reinsurers to share the exposure. When asked why it is so important for the industry to be automated, Durland said, â€Å"Automation strips costs out of workflows.† Simply put, to only have to go to one place for information and to be able to service customers quickly and efficiently is key. â€Å"For example, the agent and carrier agree to indemnify the customer if they have a loss which is covered under their policy. The customer pays a fee based on that promise. When the loss occurs, they want someone to handle it promptly†¦to be given information on the progression of the resolution and be paid or have the item replaced ASAP,† Durland said. Automation makes it possible. â€Å"With the technology and automation available to us today, the opportunities to share information are unlimited,† Durland said. â€Å"The industry realizes that and is working together to figure out how to communicate electronically  with each other.†

Answer the four questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the four questions - Essay Example I feel like socializing and even sometimes exercising. I just feel overall better about myself and find it easier to wind down and even sleep at night. If I have a terrible day at home, I find that when I go to school, my mind is in another place. I think about what is going on at home, replay the instances in my mind and worry about it to the point of where I cannot focus as well. It is more emotionally draining to have problems at home because being home with my family is not something I can or want to escape from. If school is awful, I know that there is an end to it someday or with an awful job, I know I can always quit. I simply cannot quit a home life. If it is bad, it can be depressing. If I am having a wonderful day at home, I feel excited about my day. I am enthusiastic. I may find myself working much harder and anxiously anticipating going home from school or work so I can spend more time at home. It is self-fulfilling for everything to be going great at home. One of the topics of discussion by Dr. Wadsworth was a sense of feeling out of control. It seems as though everything is going okay and then all of a sudden something goes wrong. Little things can be irritating. The demand/control/support theory is that workers or students feel more strain when they are under conditions of high demand and low control. The two of these intertwined can be difficult to deal with rather than one of the two alone. To have a lot of work to deal with and tasks to accomplish can be overwhelming and a person can find themselves procrastinating to get the job done which then only adds to more stress. A person may find themselves slacking on job performance just to get a task done. This can contribute to mental issues and other health issues of a person’s well-being. To have low control is a feeling in which a person feels as if they are stuck. It creates an environment at work or school that is undesirable to be in. This can then hinder other

Citizenship in the Age of the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Citizenship in the Age of the Internet - Essay Example In other countries, most of the public services are controlled by private authorities making the use of Government sites redundant. Part two of the article â€Å"How government online provision is currently organized and what it costs† talks about how the Government runs the online facilities and the cost associated with it. The major points are as follows: Part three â€Å"Future developments and strategy† discusses the strategy for the development of the Government sites in the future to facilitate the citizens of the country. The main points in this section are as follows: Part one of the article â€Å"Changes and challenges in information exchange across the department† points out the general practice of communication and the challenges the department faces because of it. The points discussed under this part are as follows: Telephone communication has reduced in importance, as it is not suitable for people not speaking English. Also it was seen that this mode of communication failed to provide new information to the Department. The third part â€Å"Pension credit† discusses the progress made by the Government to improve communication between the Department and the customers for the credit facilities. The points in this regard are as

Effect of cancer medical research on tobacco industry Case Study

Effect of cancer medical research on tobacco industry - Case Study Example One of the possible solutions to the industry is selling tobacco products to the young people and women. As noted by WHO (2008) early smokers start as early as the age of 10. Therefore as the tobacco industry faces a lot of challenges, they are compelled to majorly target the youths and women in the society. Teenagers are assumed to be the potential future consumers of tobacco because they are greatly impressionable and in most communities, they have the significant amount of money at their disposal (Mackay & Eriksen, 2002). For this reason, they are easily impressed by any company where the consumption and brand of products are good. Despite many of the tobacco industry’s products killing many customers and forcing others to quit, they make sure they have a new target to consume their products. This is why they go for the young people since they will take a longer span before dying or eventually quitting hence increasing chances of continued salesGenerally, women smoke less t han the potential smokers; men. It is dangerous to the unborn but still, tobacco industry considers women as the untapped group which if tapped can increase and improve its consumption than in men. Hence, unchecked and their greatest motive being profit making, tobacco industries in considerably targets the children and women whom they believe can increase the likelihood of continued sales. Recently, the danger imposed to people’s health by tobacco intake has been confirmed and since they knew this long time ago, but have been attempting not to disclose this research (Mackay & Eriksen, 2002). Other nations, for instance, US have always had the political will and resources to deal with the tobacco’s large corporations. However, rich countries that have smaller but tougher markets have made multinational firms dealing with tobacco to intensify their efforts in different regions especially Asia to keep up the growth and selling of cigarettes alongside expanding advertisement to increase a level of demand if not to meet it completely.

Critical Literature Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Literature Review - Coursework Example A cultural change is required to counter the widespread acceptance of dishonest practices. De Vries, et al. 2011 Personality traits such as conscientiousness, honesty-humility/integrity are effective predictors of counterproductive academic behaviour. Jones & Spraakman 2011 Faculty member’s instigation of broad-based cheating among students caused the faculty’s dismissal, but administrators excused the students’ participation. Faulty integrity culture skewed students’ perception of ethical behaviour. Kisamore, et al., 2007 Students with poorly-adjusted personality traits are more disposed to cheat due to the influence and interaction of integrity culture. Kitahara, et al., 2009 Case study demonstrated the effectiveness of employing multifaceted, hybrid approaches to ensure academic integrity. Larkin, et al., 2012 Additional enticements to plagiarize and cheat are provided by the use of online media, due to the ease of transmitting exam questions and answer s. Okoro, 2011 Plagiarism in all its forms is often difficult to communicate to students when merely stated in policy. Guided instruction strategies involving student-teacher interaction reduces incidences of unintentional plagiarism. Spain & Robles, 2011 Adoption and enforcement of a systematic Academic Integrity Policy makes adjudication of academic dishonesty cases more effective, reduces future such incidences, and establishes a culture of academic integrity. ... Table 1: Summary of academic journal articles Critical Comparison Determinants of academic integrity: Integrity culture and personality traits A debate exists concerning the factors that determine academic integrity, most commonly cited of which are the academic integrity culture (Tippitt, et al., 2009), and students’ or faculty members’ personal characteristics (De Vries, et al., 2011). Tippitt’s findings on integrity culture is supported by the study by Jones & Spraakman (2011), that fittingly explored the role that faculty members play in advancing academic misconduct. Faculty members’ willingness to cover up graduate students’ plagiarism or other forms of cheating to avoid public scandal, and university administrators’ tendency to overlook these infractions and not discipline faculty members to avoid embarrassment, are common. The Jones et al. study made a good case for integrity culture because it focused on a specific instance where the faculty member himself instigated student misconduct by leaking the departmental examination and quizzes to his class. The faculty member was dismissed, but the administrators decided to excuse the students and merely reduced en masse their grades instead of disciplining them. The cultural issue surfaced in the fact that most of the students interviewed felt there was nothing wrong about obtaining an unfair advantage over the other sections, and did not feel they were responsible for reporting the conduct of their instructor or their peers’ participation. Integrity culture is also central in Thakkar and Weisfeld-Spolter (2012), who determined that acts constituting cheating

Privite high school vs public high school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Privite high school vs public high school - Essay Example This results in students getting proper attention and supervision. Public high schools are cheaper than private high schools, and thus, lots of people get their children admitted in public high schools, resulting in a large number of students in every class. This results in lesser attention and ineffective supervision. â€Å"There are over 47 million children enrolled in public school and about 3.2 million students in private schools† (The Home Economist, para.2). Also, private high schools provide superb facilities because they can afford to. People avoid private high schools because they are expensive while public high schools are not. A 2013 research indicates that for families with income over $75,000 send their kids, 85% send their kids to public schools while 12% send their kids to private schools (National Center for Education Statistics). The Home Economist. Public vs. Private Schools, New Facts Revealed. The Home Economist, 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2014.

History of Internet Advertising Essay Example for Free

History of Internet Advertising Essay The history of Advertising goes back a long time in history during the time of the Romans in which merchants had street signs advertising their wares. With the invention of printing press during the middle part of the 1400s, things changed as it heralded a new era that shaped the course of civilization. The rise of broadcast technology in the twentieth century had made further advances in the world of advertising. In the 1920s, radio advertising carried the industry into its prime and become central to the operation of the advertising world until the rise of television advertising in the 1950s which rose to its prominence ever since up to the present time in which another break through in advertising has risen, the internet. Although internet began in the late 1960s it was only during the creation of the â€Å"Unix User Network or Usenet† (Prince, p. 3) that people got connected and â€Å"ready to do business† (p. ) through the â€Å"store-and-forward† net work ,where people could post news, views, and other communications to be read by others. Prince pointed out that the Usenet was â€Å"quickly adapted as a high-tech classified circular† (wherein categories were established for listing of items for sale. However, it was only in 1995 that a more profound use of the internet for advertisement had started as advertisement becomes more informative and specific. The internet advertising has since then begun to take substantial share of the market advertisement, and the year 2000 recorded the big leap in the internet advertisement with over eight billion dollars in revenue. Since then though, the growth of the internet advertisement in terms of dollar revenues were up and down but it is indisputably that the internet advertisement has become the most sophisticated and far reaching mode of advertisement.

Effect of Work Life Conflict on Social Workers vs Teachers

Effect of Work Life Conflict on Social Workers vs Teachers Family name: Mokone First name: Khotso Research Problem According to Gambles et al, (2006), work home life balance is said to be conceptualised by properly prioritising career and social lifestyles. In the United Kingdom, the term work life balance was first introduced during the late 1970s as a way of describing someones balance of lifestyles between work and home or social life. The perception of work life balance has recently become more popular on a global scale due to several of causes. Even though at times, family and work are sometimes viewed as separate domains, whereby an employees role alternates between a family;[1] and an employee, the significance of knowing how the impact of work carries over outside of employee time to ones social life outside of work is important. Tanvi and Fatima, (2012) suggest that the idea of trying to maintain a balance between work and social time is a result of this idea which is gaining global prominence especially in the current economic climatic conditions where staff turnover is low in most work places. It is in this context that employees are trying to find a balance in service delivery that yields good results whilst avoiding burnout which then leads to either ill health or neglect of familial duties. According to Cowan Hoffman, (2007) the issue of work-life balance has in recent years, become a major global area of research. Marisalo (2008 concurs by stating that it is important for employers in this current fiscal climate to get the best work out their employees hence the necessity for employees and employers alike to learn the appropriate work life balance as this will yield positive outcomes for employers in the long run (in Gronewold and Wenzel, 2009) . My aim in wishing to conduct research in this area of work home life balance emanates from my personal experiences of home life conflict experienced during eight year period as a primary school teacher and children and families social worker in conjunction with views raised my former colleagues at the time. In addition, I am married to a currently practising secondary mathematics teacher who appears to work all hours of the day during the week, weekends and holidays. I realised that whilst there is a lot of available literature from many discussions and research already carried out over the years, most of the literature is generic and there is not adequate research literature addressing issues faced mainly by social workers and teachers. In addition, most of the research has been carried out by researchers who have not been physically involved in these fields and therefore at times there is a lack of trust as to what happens to the research material, regardless of being informed and assured that there is confidentiality and data protection applies. Most workers are not really able to air their views openly as most of the research has been in the form of face to face interviews which may bring about barriers when it comes to freely sharing personal information. It is therefore my hope that due to the topic being a little sensitive in times of the current economic climate, everyone wants to hold on to their jobs and therefore will probably not say anything to jeopardise that; especially for social workers who work with very sensitive and emotionally draining societal issues. I feel that I will be able to produce beneficial findings that correspond with how professionals from these careers really feel about the impact of work on their work-social life balance. In addition, this research will give me an opportunity to reflect on the effects my husbands and my own career has impacted our home lives. The outcome of the research will also be beneficial to former colleagues and hopefully future colleagues as I hope to get reliable feedback and recommendations made accessible to interested parties of how the impact of work home life balance, if any, can be overcome. I hope that the feedback will give insights into how others deal with any impact or conflict. It is also my view that results will not only be beneficial to the employees but to employers as well which will then help find ways to further support their employees to find a work life balance that hopefully leads to a happy workforce that produces exceptional outcomes. Research Question, Aims and Objectives Best, (2012) argues that the foundation of research as a whole emanates from having a good and understandable research question that will enable a researcher to find answers. According to McNeill and Chapman, (2005), there is a necessity for a researcher to set out a clear and concisely formulated research question as this will evidently show what the researchers intent is and whether there is a viable reason why the research is being undertaken. Therefore, the proposed research seeks to investigate and establish the effect of work family life conflict on social workers in comparison to teachers, both newly qualified and experienced with at least two or more years post qualification inorder to determine whether there is a difference in the experience due to the length of time one has worked. This question will help me respond to the following: (i) Since work home life balance has become an increasingly popular term, why is it that many employees still not sure how to go about achievi ng this; (ii) What are the reasons why most employees lack confidence to approach their employees or line managers to negotiate flexible working hours or take time in lieu. (iii) The consequences (if any) of asking for flexible working; and whether there is an impact to service provision if employees work from home, take time off, or work flexible working hours. It is common knowledge nowadays that social services and education are experiencing staff shortages, hence most employees would rather struggle and get on with their work rather than lose their jobs. The impact work is having on families is changing over time. Literature Review A literature review is defined by Fink, (1998:37) as a systematic, explicit and reproducible method for identifying evaluating and interpreting the existing body of work produced by researchers (in Best, 2012:40). Therefore it is important for a researcher to review literature that is already available as this gives a theoretical basis for the research and helps show that a researcher is knowledgeable in their field of research. In addition, it makes the researcher aware what knew knowledge they are adding to the existing pool of knowledge that is already available. White, (2009:7) states that research should not take place in a vacuum and therefore it is imperative for a researcher to know how their study fits into a broader picture, in terms of previous empirical work, theoretical ideas, and recent policy and practice, as research that is conducted without considering these contexts risks being repetitive, irrelevant or of little value. Therefore, empirical work that is already ava ilable becomes a valuable source of ideas and also guides the researcher on what is already available and known about the said topic. Bernhardt et al, (2003) state that the 21st century workplace has been confronted by various economic and staff turnover challenges. Dresser Hatton, (2003) concur by further suggesting that inorder to succeed against the encountered challenges, employers will need to find solutions that will be in the best interest of both employees and the employer. Lowe, (2007) indicates that most employees are experiencing imbalanced work home life issues and therefore suffer guilt of not properly caring for their families and lack of general social life. Lowe also states that in most families, both parents now have to work so as to make ends meet leaving no time for any family social life. On the hand, employers expectance of performance has gone up whilst workloads have increased over the years. School teachers are finding themselves with larger classes, no teaching assistants to support for the less able pupils (Reference) Social workers on the other hand are also face similar issues; low staf f turnovers due to Local Authorities failing to recruit more staff, staff absences due to ill health and high caseloads which can sometimes be extremely demanding and difficult (Voydanoff, 2005). Theoretical Frameworks Issues surrounding work life balance of social workers and teachers are worsened by staff shortages in both fields. Both professions are labour intensive areas where staff work long and at times unsocial hours which has an impact mainly on home life. Therefore, the theoretical framework has to look at the research questions inorder to understand the theory behind the problem. Sampling Strategy and Rationale Sampling by definition, is a method with which a researcher comes out with a particular or certain number out of a given larger group. Sampling enables the researcher to identify a small number of respondents who are almost likely sure to likely represent the larger group. In this case, the researcher will use convenience sampling so that the sample is a group of social workers who work or live within the researchers reach. Because the sample will be responding electronically, results from this group of sample is likely to produce truthful and reliable responses as it was their own choice to respond without any coercion (McNeill and Chapman, 2005). However, the sample still stands a chance of having flaws if respondents answer the questionnaires and surveys for the sake of it. Research Methodology and Methods Inorder to begin attempting to answer the proposed research question, it is paramount for the researcher to decide on the methodological approach and methods that will support her in fully responding to the question at hand (McNeill and Chapman, 2005). In order to efficiently and effectively source and collect relevant and useful data the use of qualitative and quantitative information gathering fact sheets will be used in the form of questionnaires and surveys. This will be done both manually by dropping off questionnaires in unaddressed envelopes and online surveys according to the respondents choice. Robson, (2011) states that the base of a qualitative research is upon the interpretation of a given social situation and then making sense of it. This study will use a qualitative approach in order to gather empirical evidence that allows respondents to elaborate on their feelings about their work home life. A Qualitative Research is said to be primarily exploratory research used to g ain an in-depth understanding of the respondents underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations in the responses they give (RCA, 2017)[2]. In addition, qualitative research provides an insight into the problem being researched. According to Hiles et al. (2013), qualitative study designs allow experiences to be described in full detail. Therefore, using qualitative research will enable both social workers and teachers alike to clearly respond to what impact work home balance is having or not having in their lives; including how and what they feel their employers and policy makers ought to change or support them with so as achieve and have the best of both worlds without comprising on their obligations at work and their social lives. Additionally, qualitative research helps in providing insights the problem so that ideas for potential quantitative research. With this said, a quantitative analysis will used to obtain figures can be quantified so that percentages of how employees feel ca n be analysed and also used to compare the degree of the impact faced by both professions. Therefore, a short survey will be included within the research to gather data which will be used for the quantitative analysis. The survey questionnaires will go hand in hand with the qualitative research questions hence this will be some sort of mixed methods research. For the qualitative data, questionnaires with at least five questions will be given. Ethical Issues Best, (2012) states that a good research is valid, reliable, and gives the reader an honest account of events or issues under investigation (2012:19). Therefore, it imperative that all research practice shows an awareness of ethical issues hence the necessity to follow the code of ethics. On the hand, Lynoe et al, (1999) suggests that any badly designed research is by definition unethical. Grant and Sugarman, (2004) state there is substantial misperceptions regarding the ethical appropriateness of using incentives in research with human subjects. However they further state that previous work on determining whether incentives are unethical as they may be considered as a form of undue influence or coercive offer upon respondents. They argue that the ethical issue of undue influence is understandable however, not coercion, instead this should be considered as corruption of judgment. However, this study will be done anonymously, by using an unnamed envelope and online questionnaire there fore there will be no coercion from researcher. The reasons for the research will be clearly explained to the respondents and any clarifications required will be done through the respondents choice of communication system. Data protection and confidentiality issues will also be clearly explained to the respondents so as to avoid any mistrust between the researcher and the researcher as this is paramount for the sake of this study. On the other hand, the researcher has been both a teacher and social worker and therefore the recommendations may emanate from personal feelings rather than from the general feeling of respondents and therefore report maybe biased. The researcher is aware that to do so will be unethical therefore will endeavour to remove the self from the study so as to understand the raised issues in their entirety. In addition, the researcher has worked with some of the respondents; therefore there is a chance that the researcher may be able to identify some of the respondents from the responses. However, the researcher will ensure that all responses from the research are kept confidential as by not doing so, the researcher will be breeching the Data Protection Act 1998 and the confidentiality that is a prerequisite for any research with human subject. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS The proposed study, like many other studies, has its own limitations. Due to sampling amongst my former colleagues, both in social care and in education, some may not feel comfortable responding to the questionnaires therefore I may end up with an insufficient number or respondents. Financial limitations also may be realised due to the study being self-funded. Essex is a massive County however, the researcher will only mange to work with offices that are convenient to her location which will leave only a few offices that may be accessible to the researcher if necessary. Since respondents are mainly professionals, the researcher hopes that there will be no need for any financial incentives however, if the responding quota is enough, as a thank you, the researcher may have to buy those respondents who do not mind about their anonymity drinks for having taken their limited time from their busy schedules to respond to the surveys. The major limitation of the study is that the study will be confined with a few offices and schools in Essex due limited resources and time constraints. Since there are chances that the research sample may not be large enough, the research will not be relevant to a large part of the UK[3], however, it satisfy the overall research objective. In conclusion, the researcher hopes that there will be enough respondents as the research responses will hopefully benefit a lot of people within the two chosen professions. The study will be presented in a well organised, structured formatting and appropriate language will be used throughout the report and respondents s opinions will be respected and none of the responses will be tampered with of which to do would be extremely unethical. Findings from respondents will be clearly shown within the study however as previously mentioned, these will be anonymised for confidentiality and data protection purposes. The ethics code of social science research will be adhered to inorder to ensure the validity of the study. Responses from the surveys will be clearly tabulated and labelled for clarity for those who would like to read through the outcomes of the study. 2379 words. References Best, S. (2012) Understanding and doing successful research: Data collection and analysis for the social sciences. Harlow: Longman. Brannen, J. (2005) Mixed Methods Research: A discussion paper: [Available online at: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/89/1/MethodsReviewPaperNCRMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 005.pdf. Accessed: 27 December 2017. Boswell, W. R.; Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The Use of Communication Technologies After Hours: The Role of Work Attitudes and Work-Life Conflict. Journal of Management. 33 (4): 592. Crompton, R, Lyonette, C. 2006. Work-Life Balance in Europe. Acta Sociologica 49(4):379-393 Edwards, J. R., Rothbard, N. P. (2005). Work and family stress and well-being: An  Integrative model of person-environment fit within and between the work and family  domains. In E. E. Kossek and S. J. Lambert (Eds.), Work and life integration:  Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives (pp. 211-242). Mahwah, New  Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Greenhaus, J. H., Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources and conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Scharlach, A. E. (2001). Families and work:  New directions in the twenty-first century. New York: Oxford University Press. Friedman, S. D., and Greenhaus, J. H. (2000). Work and familyallies or enemies: What  happens when business professionals confront life choices. New York: Oxford  University Press. Gambles, R., Lewis, S., Rapoport, R. (2006). The myth of work-life balance: The  challenge of our time for men, women, and societies. England: John Wiley Sons. Googins, B. K. (1991). Work/family conflicts: Private livespublic responses. New  York: Auburn House. Hein, C. (2005). Reconciling work and family responsibilities: Practical ideas from  global experience. Geneva: International Labour Office. McNeill, P., Chapman, S. and Mcneill, P. (2005) Research methods: Textbook. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Milliken, F. J., Dunn-Jensen, L. M. (2005). The changing time demands of  managerial and professional work: Implications for managing the work-life boundary.  New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Perrone, K. M., Aegisdottir, S., Webb, L. K., Blalock, R. H. (2006, March). Commitment, conflict, coping, and satisfaction. Journal of Career Development, 32(3), 286-300. Reich, R. B. (2001). The lure of hard work. In The future of success (pp. 54-63). New  York: Alfred A. Knopf. Stebbins, L. F. (2001). Work and family in america: A reference handbook. Santa  Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO. Voydanoff, P. (2005,). Work demands and work-to-family and family-to- work conflict:  Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 707-726. Wharton, A. S., Blair-Loy, M. (2006, March). Long work hours and family life: A  cross-national study of employees concerns. Journal of Family Issues, 27(3), 415-436. Walliman, N.S.R. (2010) Research methods: The basics. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. White, P. (2008) Developing research questions: A guide for students, researchers and practitioners. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Williams, J. (2000). Unbending gender: Why family and work conflict and what to do about it. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Williams, J. Boushey, H. (2010). The three faces of work-family conflict the poor, the professionals, and the missing middle center. Center for American Progress, Hastings College of the Law. [1] Husband/Wife; Children [2] Qualitative Research Consultants Association [3] United Kingdom